解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Targeting EGFR is a validated approach in the treatment of squamous-cell cancers (SCCs), although there are no established biomarkers for predicting response. We have identified a synonymous mutation in EGFR, c.2361G>A (encoding p.Gln787Gln), in two patients with head and neck SCC (HNSCC) who were exceptional responde...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4401
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common human cancer, results from aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Although most cases of BCC are sporadic, some forms are inherited, such as Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome (BDCS)-a cancer-prone genodermatosis with an X-linked, dominant inheritance pattern. We ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4368
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins comprises four members-BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and the testis-specific isoform BRDT-that largely function as transcriptional coactivators and play critical roles in various cellular processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion. BET proteins ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4378
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principles that govern the evolution of tumors exposed to targeted therapy are poorly understood. Here we modeled the selection and propagation of an amplification in the BRAF oncogene (BRAFamp) in patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) that were treated with a direct inhibitor of the kinase ERK, either alone or ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4369
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the goal of modeling human disease of the large intestine, we sought to develop an effective protocol for deriving colonic organoids (COs) from differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Extensive gene and immunohistochemical profiling confirmed that the derived C...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4355
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The balance between detrimental, pro-aging, often stochastic processes and counteracting homeostatic mechanisms largely determines the progression of aging. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is part of the latter system because it modulates the physiological processes under...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4311
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite years of fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV persists in its hosts and is never eradicated. One major barrier to eradication is that the virus infects multiple cell types that may individually contribute to HIV persistence. Tissue macrophages are critical contributors to HIV pathogenesis; howev...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4319
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that compromise its chloride channel activity. The most common mutation, p.Phe508del, results in the production of a misfolded CFTR protein, which has residual channel activity but is prematu...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4305
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 1-5% of breast cancers are attributed to inherited mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and are selectively sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In other cancer types, germline and/or somatic mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 (BRCA1/BRCA2) also confer selective sensitivity to PARP inhibitors....
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4292
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise has numerous health-promoting effects in humans; however, individual responsiveness to exercise with regard to endurance or metabolic health differs markedly. This 'exercise resistance' is considered to be congenital, with no evident acquired causative factors. Here we show that the anti-oxidative hepatokine ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4295
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cystinuria is an incompletely dominant disorder characterized by defective urinary cystine reabsorption that results in the formation of cystine-based urinary stones. Current treatment options are limited in their effectiveness at preventing stone recurrence and are often poorly tolerated. We report that the nutrition...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4280
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematological malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse after allo-HSCT remain major impediments to the success of allo-HSCT. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) direct tumor cell recognition of...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4258
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Together with recent advances in the processing and culture of human tissue, bioengineering, xenotransplantation and genome editing, Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present a range of new opportunities for the study of human cancer. Here we discuss the main advantages and limitations of iPSC modeling, and how t...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4238
更新日期:2016-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic reprogramming is a critical process of pathological gene induction during cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we identified a heart-enriched long noncoding (lnc)RNA, named cardiac-hypertrophy-associated epigenetic regulator (Chaer), whic...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4179
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Altered metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a source of cellular superoxide anions, has multiple biological functions that may be of importance in inflammation and in the pathogenesis of human metabolic diseases, including diabetes. However, the mechanis...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4153
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron is an essential component of the erythrocyte protein hemoglobin and is crucial to oxygen transport in vertebrates. In the steady state, erythrocyte production is in equilibrium with erythrocyte removal. In various pathophysiological conditions, however, erythrocyte life span is compromised severely, which threate...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4146
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms responsible for the persistence of HIV-1 after many years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been only partially elucidated. Most of the studies investigating HIV-1 persistence have been performed with blood, although it is well known that germinal centers (GCs) within lymph nodes (LNs) se...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4113
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in genes encoding splicing factors (which we refer to as spliceosomal genes) are commonly found in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations recurrently affect specific amino acid residues, leading to perturbed normal splice site and exon recognition. Spl...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4097
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD4(+) T cells that express the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor function as regulatory T (Treg) cells and hinder effective immune responses against cancer cells. Abundant Treg cell infiltration into tumors is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. However, the role of Treg cel...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4086
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular targeted therapy has the potential to dramatically improve survival in patients with cancer. However, complete and durable responses to targeted therapy are rare in individuals with advanced-stage solid cancers. Even the most effective targeted therapies generally do not induce a complete tumor response, res...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4091
更新日期:2016-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the oncogenic transcription factor MYC is disproportionately elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as compared to estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor- or human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor-positive (RP) breast cancer. We and others have shown that MYC alters metabolism during tumo...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4055
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway and a potent tumor suppressor in many types of cancer. To test a tumor suppressive role for PTEN in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we induced Cre-mediated de...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4062
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been described, this malignancy is clinically still treated as a single disease. Here we present patient-derived models representing the full spectrum of previously identified quasi-mesenchymal (QM-PDA), classical and exocrine-like PDAC subtypes, and id...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.4038
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brown adipose tissue (BAT) promotes a lean and healthy phenotype and improves insulin sensitivity. In response to cold or exercise, brown fat cells also emerge in the white adipose tissue (WAT; also known as beige cells), a process known as browning. Here we show that the development of functional beige fat in the ing...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3994
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TAM receptors Tyro3, Axl and Mertk are receptor tyrosine kinases that dampen host innate immune responses following engagement with their ligands Gas6 and Protein S, which recognize phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. In a form of apoptotic mimicry, many enveloped viruses display phosphatidylserine on the outer...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3974
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the variation in the HIV-1 viral load (VL) set point across subjects, as opposed to a fairly stable VL over time within an infected individual, it is important to identify the characteristics of the host and virus that affect VL set point. Although recently infected individuals with multiple phylogenetically lin...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3932
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::By convention, CD4+ T lymphocytes recognize foreign and self peptides derived from internalized antigens in combination with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Alternative pathways of epitope production have been identified, but their contributions to host defense have not been established. We show h...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3958
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finding new treatment-shortening antibiotics to improve cure rates and curb the alarming emergence of drug resistance is the major objective of tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging suite in a biosafety containment facility, we show th...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3937
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding the lysine-specific histone methyltransferase KMT2D has emerged as one of the most frequently mutated genes in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma; however, the biological consequences of KMT2D mutations on lymphoma development are not known. Here we show that KMT2D functions as a b...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3943
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous mechanisms leading to host protection and resolution of infections without immunosuppression are of wide interest. Here we elucidate the structures of four new host-protective molecules produced in neutrophil-endothelial cocultures and present in human and mouse tissues after sterile inflammation or infecti...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3911
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestine is densely populated by anaerobic commensal bacteria. These microorganisms shape immune system development, but understanding of host-commensal interactions is hampered by a lack of tools for studying the anaerobic intestinal environment. We applied metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and bioorthogonal...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3929
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Although lipid signaling has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, specific molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that Nogo-B, a membrane protein of the endoplasmi...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3934
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cold exposure may be a potential therapy for diabetes by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activity. Here we report that 10 d of cold acclimation (14-15 °C) increased peripheral insulin sensitivity by ∼43% in eight type 2 diabetes subjects. Basal skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation markedly increased, wit...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3891
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relapse is the leading cause of mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among chemotherapeutics, thiopurines are key drugs in ALL combination therapy. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified relapse-specific mutations in the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 gene (PRPS1), which encod...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3840
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to cancer therapies presents a significant clinical challenge. Recent studies have revealed intratumoral heterogeneity as a source of therapeutic resistance. However, it is unclear whether resistance is driven predominantly by pre-existing or de novo alterations, in part because of the resolution limits of ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3841
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much has been written about the advantages and disadvantages of various oncology model systems, with the overall finding that these models lack the predictive power required to translate preclinical efficacy into clinical activity. Despite assertions that some preclinical model systems are superior to others, no singl...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3853
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the nervous system, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) participate in neurotransmission and modulate the viability of neurons. In contrast, little is known about the role of NMDARs in pancreatic islets and the insulin-secreting beta cells whose functional impairment contributes to diabetes mellitus. Here we found that inhibit...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3822
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::One function of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in corticotroph cells is to suppress the transcription of the gene encoding proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of the stress hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Cushing disease is a neuroendocrine condition caused by partially glucocorticoid-resistant corticotrop...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3776
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activating mutations in genes encoding G protein α (Gα) subunits occur in 4-5% of all human cancers, but oncogenic alterations in Gβ subunits have not been defined. Here we demonstrate that recurrent mutations in the Gβ proteins GNB1 and GNB2 confer cytokine-independent growth and activate canonical G protein signalin...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3751
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is crucial for cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction at either site has been linked to pathophysiological states, including metabolic diseases. Although the ER and mitochondria play distinct cellular roles, these organelles also form physical interacti...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm.3735
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00